Tech-Gen

 etcd in Kubernetes 💾  etcd is a strongly consistent, distributed key-value store that serves as the single source of truth for your entire cluster. Every pod creation, secret, and configuration change is recorded here.    ➙ How does etcd work in Kubernetes? > Raft Consensus: It utilizes the Raft algorithm to replicate data across multiple nodes, ensuring immediate consistency . > Fault Tolerance: If a node fails, the system continues to function without data loss. > State Agreement: The remaining nodes communicate to agree on the current state, ensuring the cluster always has an accurate source of truth. ➙ Why is it essential in Kubernetes? > Exclusivity: It is the only stateful component in the control plane. > Resilience: Its distributed nature guarantees high availability. > Disaster Recovery: It contains the complete blueprint of your infrastructure, making it the critical component for restoration. Treat etcd with care. Isolate it from worker...

 12 Core Concepts to Master AWS: 1 → GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE Understand Regions, Availability Zones, Edge Locations, and how AWS designs for high availability and fault tolerance. 2 → IDENTITY & ACCESS MANAGEMENT (IAM) Master users, roles, groups, policies, least-privilege principles, and secure access design. 3 → VIRTUAL PRIVATE CLOUD (VPC) Learn subnets, route tables, internet gateways, NAT gateways, security groups, and network ACLs. 4 → ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD (EC2) Understand instance types, AMIs, auto scaling, placement groups, and cost optimization strategies. 5 → STORAGE SERVICES Master S3 (object storage), EBS (block storage), EFS (file storage), lifecycle policies, and storage classes. 6 → DATABASE SERVICES Learn RDS, DynamoDB, Aurora, database scaling, replication, backups, and performance tuning. 7 → LOAD BALANCING & AUTO SCALING Understand Application Load Balancer (ALB), Network Load Balancer (NLB), target groups, and horizontal scaling patterns. 8 → SERVERLESS AR...

  🔐 Kubernetes RBAC — The Foundation of Cluster Security In Kubernetes, security is not about adding more tools. It’s about controlling access correctly. RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) defines who can do what inside your cluster — and in production environments, this is critical. 📌 What RBAC Actually Controls • Who can access the Kubernetes API • Which resources they can access • What actions they can perform (get, list, create, delete, patch) • In which namespace Authentication answers: Who are you? RBAC answers: What are you allowed to do? 📌 The 4 Core Objects You Must Know 🔹 Role → Namespace-scoped permissions 🔹 RoleBinding → Attaches Role to a User or ServiceAccount 🔹 ClusterRole → Cluster-wide permissions 🔹 ClusterRoleBinding → Grants cluster-level access 💡 Interview Tip: Role = namespace scope ClusterRole = cluster scope 📌 How Authorization Works Every request follows this flow: User / ServiceAccount ⬇ Authentication ⬇ RBAC Authorization Check ⬇ Allow or Deny If no...

  Understanding Type-1 vs Type-2 Virtualization Virtualization is the backbone of modern IT infrastructure — powering cloud computing, data centers, development labs, and enterprise environments. But do you know the difference between Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisors? Let’s break it down 👇 🔹 Type-1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal) Runs directly on physical hardware without a host operating system. ✅ Higher performance ✅ Stronger security ✅ Better scalability ✅ Ideal for enterprise & cloud environments Architecture: Hardware → Hypervisor → Virtual Machines 🔹 Type-2 Hypervisor (Hosted) Runs on top of an existing operating system. ✅ Easy to install ✅ Great for testing & development ✅ Suitable for students and personal labs Architecture: Hardware → Host OS → Hypervisor → Virtual Machines 📌 In Simple Terms: Type-1 = Enterprise-grade, runs on hardware Type-2 = User-friendly, runs on OS Both play a crucial role depending on your use case — from powering global cloud platforms to helping d...