Tech-Gen

  Types of data There are various types of data one needs to understand  So that one can plan well regarding data capture, management, and usage. Below are some of them:- I have purposely left one box missing, Let me know what data type you feel is important.  Structured data - Typically in some form of structure, stored in a tabular form. RDBMS databases like Oracle Geospatial data - Data Related to locations on earth Streaming Data - The output of a lot of data in large volumes continuously, like gaming, videos etc Synthetic Data - Tools or AI technology artificially create this data, which is utilized for testing, research, and machine learning. Binary Data - Data which is usually stored in the format of audio, video files Sentiment Data - Data like emails, chats, and comments are used to analyze the emotional tone of the message Spatiotemporal data - This data includes location and time, which enables tracking, like cab tracking Open data - The data that is free for t...

 API Protocols  1. REST (Representational State Transfer) - An architectural style for designing networked applications. - It emphasizes stateless communication, the use of standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), and resources identified by URLs. 2. GraphQL - A query language for APIs that allows clients to request exactly the data they need, nothing more and nothing less. - This efficiency is a major advantage over REST, where endpoints often return fixed data structures. 3. SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) - A protocol for exchanging structured information in the form of XML messages over a network. 4. gRPC (Google Remote Procedure Call) - A high-performance, open-source framework for remote procedure calls (RPCs). - It uses Protocol Buffers (a compact binary format) for data serialization. 5. Webhooks - A mechanism for real-time communication between applications. - A webhook is essentially an HTTP callback triggered by a specific event in one system, which send...

 Mapping Azure Security Threats: A MITRE ATT&CK Mind Map The MITRE ATT&CK framework in Azure environments is pivotal for searching, detecting, investigating, and mitigating attacks. This cheat critically maps MITRE ATT&CK tactics to Azure services, enabling proactive threat hunting and precise incident response. 🛡️Key Insights: ⇨ Initial Access: Attackers may gain entry via Azure CLI or compromised web apps. SignInLogs and AADServicePrincipalSignInLogs are essential for identifying suspicious login events. ⇨ Execution: Attackers often exploit Automation Accounts and VM scripts to run malicious code. Monitoring for abnormal execution of operations like MicrosoftCompute/virtualMachines/runCommand/action is crucial. ⇨ Privilege Escalation: Changes to Entra ID users, groups, or roles (via operations like Microsoftdirectory/servicePrincipals/enable) should be closely monitored for abnormal permission escalations. ⇨ Credential Access: Focus on Azure Key Vault activity. Unaut...

 VMware HA - Quick View for Interviews ✅ What is VMware HA? VMware High Availability (HA) is a feature in vSphere that automatically restarts virtual machines (VMs) on another available host in case of a failure, ensuring minimal downtime. ✅ How Does VMware HA Work? 1 Cluster Configuration - HA is enabled at the cluster level in vSphere. 2 Host Monitoring - Each ESXi host communicates via HA heartbeats. 3 Failure Detection - If a host fails, HA identifies the issue and restarts affected VMs on another host. 4 Resource Allocation - HA ensures sufficient resources are available for failover using admission control policies. ✅ HA Primary Node Election Process When HA is enabled, one ESXi host is elected as the Primary Node. All other hosts act as Secondary Nodes. The primary node is responsible for monitoring cluster health and coordinating VM restarts. If the primary host fails, a new primary is elected from the remaining hosts. ✅HA Activation Scenarios 1 Host Failure - The ESXi host...

 Terraform Import, Modules & Functions: Expanding Terraform Capabilities For the 9,999,999,999 engineers scratching their heads over Terraform’s advanced features—this one’s for you. Nah. It's so much more than that. Mastering Terraform starts with understanding its advanced capabilities: Terraform Import: Bringing Existing Infrastructure Under Terraform Management 1) Allows teams to adopt Terraform without recreating resources from scratch. 1.1) Helps migrate manually created cloud infrastructure into Infrastructure as Code (IaC). 1.2) Avoids downtime by managing existing resources instead of deleting and reprovisioning. 1.3) Fun twist—Terraform Import doesn’t generate configuration files! Users must define them manually. 2) Terraform Modules: Enhancing Reusability & Scalability 2.1) Think of modules as Terraform’s version of LEGO blocks—reusable, structured, and built for scaling. 2.2) Reduces repetitive code and simplifies infrastructure management. 2.3) Encourages stand...

  Resolve RabbitMQ cluster issues in vRA 8.x deployment https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=319575 Products VMware Aria Suite Issue/Introduction  Below symptoms are noticed:  Failed to publish event to topic: Deployment resource action requested Failed to publish event to topic: Deployment requested "Failed to publish event to topic: Deployment resource action requested" or requests do not proceed past the Deployment requests are stuck in different life-cycle states for a long time until a time-out is reached. All deployment requests start failing and restart of node(s) is necessary to bring environment back.  Alert every 10-14 days from VROPS: Description: Aria Automation is Down. Object Name: ebs   Below are log details from  EBS app-server  Logs:-  The mapper [reactor.rabbitmq.Receiver$ChannelCreationFunction] returned a null value.       computing metrics in newChannel: null       2023-11...

  One Aria Automation node from a 3 node cluster is down/unavailable and Provisioning is not functioning https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=377795 Products VMware Aria Suite Issue/Introduction Symptoms: one Aria Automation node is down / unavailable due to Infrastructure issues Aria Automation portal is accessible VM provisioning is taking a long time and eventually failing with errors about Event topics e.g.: "Failed to publish event to topic: Deployment requested" reviewing Aria Automation services using command " kubectl -n prelude get pods -o wide " only 1 pods from one node are down reviewing RabbitMQ status using below command, only 1 node shows as active node (Ref:  Resolve RabbitMQ cluster issues in vRA 8.x deployment ) seq 0 2 | xargs -n 1 -I {} kubectl exec -n prelude rabbitmq-ha-{} -- bash -c "rabbitmqctl cluster_status" API calls to Aria Automation may fail with HTTP status 500 - Internal Server Error Environment Aria...

  A Photon OS based virtual appliance fails to start https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=326323 Products VMware Cloud Foundation VMware vCenter Server VMware SDDC Manager VMware Aria Suite VMware Site Recovery Manager 8.x VMware Live Recover Issue/Introduction After rebooting, power outage, datastore issue Photon OS appliance the system enters emergency mode The appliance fails to start and there is an error similar to: Note:  The preceding log excerpts are only examples. Date, time, and environmental variables may vary depending on the environment. Environment VMware vCenter Server 6.x VMware vCenter Server 7.x VMware vCenter Server 8.x VMware SDDC Manager 4.x VMware SDDC Manager 5.x  VMware Aria Suite Lifecycle 8.x VMware Aria Automation 8.x VMware Aria Automation Orchestrator 8.x VMware Identity Manager 3.3.7 VMware Live Site Recovery 9.x VMware Site Recovery 8.8 VMware vSphere Replication 8.x VMware vSphere Replication 9.x Cause This issue oc...

  Scheduled workflows fail post upgrade of VMware Aria Automation/VMware Aria Orchestrator to version 8.18 https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=375884 Products VMware Aria Suite Issue/Introduction Workflows scheduled in the VMware Aria Orchestrator fail after upgrading to VMware Aria Automation/VMware Aria Orchestrator version 8.18. The same workflows run successfully when executed manually (without scheduling). Error shows similar to this message when reviewing logs at this location on the appliance   /services-logs/prelude/vco-app/file-logs/vco-server-app.log Incorrect type of token class com.vmware.symphony.csp.auth.jwt.CspJwtImpl used. Ensure Orchestrator is configured with vSphere or vIDB authentication. Environment   It affects both Standalone VMware Aria Orchestrator and embedded VMware Aria Orchestrator. Cause The issue is due to regressions in the VMware vCenter (VC) plugin on VMware Aria Automation/VMware Aria Orchestrator 8.18. Res...

  Removing an IPv4 address from a defined static pool in VMware vRealize Automati on https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article/343000/removing-an-ipv4-address-from-a-defined.html Products VMware Aria Suite Issue/Introduction This article provides steps on removing an IPv4 address from a defined static pool in VMware vRealize Automation. In VMware vRealize Automation, you have defined a static IP address pool and deployed one or more virtual machines using this IP address pool. There are one or more IP addresses that belong to this pool you do not want allocated in the future. Environment VMware vRealize Automation 7.1.x VMware vRealize Automation 7.2.x VMware vRealize Automation 6.2.x VMware vRealize Automation 7.0.x Resolution To remove an IPv4 address from a defined static pool:   Note : Ensure that a backup of the vRealize Automation database is taken prior to performing these steps. Log in to your SQL server and launch the MS SQL Server Management studio. Connect to ...

  Containers are in Init:ErrImageNeverPull error state https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article?articleNumber=306254 Products VMware Aria Suite Issue/Introduction Symptoms: User is unable to do anything on the environment due to service not being up and running. Pods with Init:ErrImageNeverPull error on one or more nodes can be seen. Execute in order to see the states of the pods kubectl get pods -n prelude Example of pods with such error: assessment-service-app-##########-24nw8        0/1     Init:ErrImageNeverPull   0          5h30m   ##.##.#.###   prelude-004.example.com   <none>           <none> symphony-logging-daemonset-7phb9               0/1     ErrImageNeverPull  ...