🚀 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘅 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗽𝘀 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿🚀
Linux is the backbone of cloud computing, DevOps, and system administration. Mastering these essential Linux commands can help you troubleshoot, automate, and optimize infrastructure efficiently.
🔹 Basic File & Directory Commands
1️⃣ ls – List files & directories
2️⃣ cd – Change directory
3️⃣ pwd – Show current directory
4️⃣ mkdir – Create a directory
5️⃣ rm -rf – Remove files & directories
🔹 File Management
6️⃣ touch – Create an empty file
7️⃣ cp – Copy files & directories
8️⃣ mv – Move or rename files
9️⃣ cat – View file contents
🔟 less – Paginated file viewing
🔹 Permissions & Ownership
1️⃣1️⃣ chmod – Change file permissions
1️⃣2️⃣ chown – Change file owner
1️⃣3️⃣ umask – Set default permissions
🔹 Process Management
1️⃣4️⃣ ps – View running processes
1️⃣5️⃣ top – Monitor system performance
1️⃣6️⃣ kill – Terminate processes
1️⃣7️⃣ pkill – Kill processes by name
1️⃣8️⃣ nice / renice – Adjust process priority
🔹 Networking Commands
1️⃣9️⃣ ping – Check network connectivity
2️⃣0️⃣ netstat -tulnp – View open ports
2️⃣1️⃣ ip a – Check IP address
2️⃣2️⃣ nslookup – Query DNS records
🔹 Disk & Storage Management
2️⃣3️⃣ df -h – Check disk space
2️⃣4️⃣ du -sh folder/ – Check directory size
2️⃣5️⃣ mount – Mount filesystems
🔹 User Management
2️⃣6️⃣ whoami – Show current user
2️⃣7️⃣ id – Display user ID & group ID
2️⃣8️⃣ who – List logged-in users
2️⃣9️⃣ passwd – Change password
3️⃣0️⃣ su – Switch user
🔹 Logs & Monitoring
3️⃣1️⃣ uptime – Show system uptime
3️⃣2️⃣ dmesg – View system logs
3️⃣3️⃣ journalctl – Check systemd logs
3️⃣4️⃣ tail -f /var/log/syslog – Monitor logs live
🔹 Package Management
3️⃣5️⃣ apt / yum / dnf – Install packages
3️⃣6️⃣ rpm -q – Query installed RPM packages
3️⃣7️⃣ dpkg -l – List installed Debian packages
🔹 Advanced Commands
3️⃣8️⃣ crontab -e – Schedule tasks
3️⃣9️⃣ systemctl – Manage services
4️⃣0️⃣ tar -cvf backup.tar /dir – Create an archive
4️⃣1️⃣ grep – Search for patterns
4️⃣2️⃣ find – Locate files
🔹 Special Commands for DevOps
4️⃣3️⃣ docker ps – List running containers
4️⃣4️⃣ kubectl get pods – View Kubernetes pods
4️⃣5️⃣ ansible-playbook – Run Ansible automation scripts
🔹 Miscellaneous Commands
4️⃣6️⃣ alias – Create command shortcuts
4️⃣7️⃣ history – View command history
4️⃣8️⃣ env – Show environment variables
4️⃣9️⃣ echo $PATH – Display system path
5️⃣0️⃣ exit – Log out of a session
Basic LINUX Commands
📂 File Management & Navigation
🔹 ls – List files and directories
🔹 ls -l – List with detailed info
🔹 ls -la – Include hidden files
🔹 cd dir – Change to directory
🔹 cd .. – Move to the parent directory
🔹 cd /dir – Change to an absolute path
🔹 cd – Go to home directory
🔹 pwd – Print current directory
🔹 mkdir dir – Create a directory
🔹 rm file – Delete a file
🔹 rm -f file – Force delete file
🔹 rm -r dir – Delete a directory
🔹 rm -rf dir – Force remove directory
🔹 cp file1 file2 – Copy file
🔹 mv file1 file2 – Rename file
🔹 mv file dir/ – Move file to directory
🔹 touch file – Create/update file
🔹 cat file – View file contents
🔹 tail -f file – View file as it updates
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🌐 Networking
🔹 ping host – Check connectivity
🔹 whois domain – Get domain info
🔹 dig domain – Get DNS records
🔹 wget file – Download file
🔹 wget -c file – Resume download
🔹 curl URL – Fetch webpage content
🔹 ssh user@host – Remote login
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⚙ System Info
🔹 date – Show date/time
🔹 uptime – System uptime
🔹 whoami – Show current user
🔹 w – Who is online
🔹 cat /proc/cpuinfo – CPU details
🔹 cat /proc/meminfo – Memory info
🔹 free – Check RAM usage
🔹 du -sh – Show directory size
🔹 df -h – Disk space usage
🔹 uname -a – Kernel info
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📦 Compression
🔹 tar -cf file.tar files/ – Create archive
🔹 tar -xf file.tar – Extract archive
🔹 tar -tf file.tar – List archive contents
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🔐 Permissions
🔹 chmod 777 file – Full access for all
🔹 chmod 755 file – rwx for owner, rx for others
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🛠 Process Management
🔹 ps – View running processes
🔹 ps aux – Detailed process list
🔹 kill PID – Kill a process
🔹 killall process – Kill all instances
🔹 grep "pattern" file – Search for text
🔹 locate file – Find a file
🔹 whereis app – Locate application
🔹 man command – Get command manual
*****Essential Linux Commands for DevOps*****
System Analysis:
• htop - Interactive process viewer with CPU, memory, and load metrics
• netstat -tulpn - Display active network connections and listening ports
• ps aux | grep - Filter and find specific running processes
• lsof - List open files and processes using them
• dmesg - Display kernel-related messages and system logs
File Management:
• find . -name - Search files recursively by name or pattern
• rsync - Efficient file transfer and synchronization tool
• tar -xvf - Extract compressed archives
• grep -r - Search text patterns recursively in files
• sed -i - Stream editor for inline text modifications
Container & Orchestration:
• docker stats - Real-time container resource usage
• docker logs -f - Stream container logs live
• kubectl get pods - List Kubernetes pod status
• crictl pods - Low-level container runtime inspection
Monitoring & Logs:
• tail -f - Follow file updates in real-time
• watch - Execute commands periodically
• vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
• journalctl - Query systemd journal logs
Network Tools:
• curl -v - HTTP request debugging with headers
• dig - DNS lookup utility
• ss - Socket statistics
• nc - Network testing and data transfer
Performance:
• strace - Trace system calls and signals
• tcpdump - Capture and analyze network traffic
• perf - Performance analysis tools
• sar - Collect and report system activity
System Control:
• systemctl - Control systemd services and units
• chmod/chown - Manage file permissions and ownership
• du -sh - Summarize directory sizes
• screen/tmux - Terminal session management
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